To get rid of parasites, you first need to understand which parasites have settled in the patient and whether they exist at all. To do this, there is a simple fingerprint test. If the eosinophils in it do not exceed 5, you can be calm - there are no parasites in the body. If this indicator is higher than 5, a stool analysis for worm eggs is taken, and according to the results of the analysis, treatment will be prescribed. Medications for parasites have many unpleasant side effects: hair loss, seizures, kidney failure, drug hepatitis to liver cirrhosis, so only a doctor should prescribe them.
Popular symptoms commonly associated with the presence of parasites include nausea, fatigue, lethargy, paleness, irregular bowel movements, and constipation. These symptoms are more likely to indicate anemia or thyroid damage. If they appear or persist for some time, the most sensible thing is to see a doctor. And as a precaution - wash your hands more often.
Fear of parasites
Many people are really sincere and very afraid of parasites, which supposedly try to get into their bodies. So they are willing to spend a lot of money for scammers who not only find, but also "find" parasites, and then "prescribe" all sorts of supplements and other drugs for imaginary worms to naive victims. Some try to get rid of parasites with the help of garlic, onions and carrots-the drugs from them are at least safe. But what was in the jar received from the prospective doctor is still unknown.
The problem of parasitosis really does exist, only it occurs in Asian, African, and South American countries. So, in some Asian countries, the infection of people with opisthorchiasis reaches 80%. There, special measures are taken to disinfect food and water. But all this does not happen with us, tropical parasites can not survive in the domestic climate, although opisthorchiasis commonly occurs in holon areas. It is spread through fish, as well as through cats and dogs that eat this fish. But today we will talk about other parasites, which are very likely to be infected in our middle lane. These parasites are ringworms and cream worms.
Ascaris and ascariasis
Ascaris is a parasite only in humans. The parasite is a relatively long, yellowish-reddish roundworm. The length of adult males is 15-25 cm, females longer-up to 20-40 cm. If tapeworms penetrate the human body, the disease causes ascariasis. At the same time, the gastrointestinal tract suffers to a greater extent, but damage to other organs may also occur, as well as allergic reactions. Ascariasis is quite widespread, 60-85 people out of every 100 thousand fall ill with it.
The life cycle of roundworms: through the blood to the intestines
Sick people are not dangerous in terms of infection, because the infection occurs when the egg enters the body. And the eggs come out with feces and first cook in the ground. The eggs have a dense shell, so they can stay in the ground for up to seven years. You can be infected by eating vegetables, fruits or berries that have been exposed to Ascaris eggs. In the body, parasites go through a long cycle of movement. First, the larvae hatch from the swallowed eggs and enter the bloodstream through the intestinal wall. With blood flow, they move to the liver, to the heart, then to the lungs, and from them to the pharynx. When the patient swallows it, the larvae in the mature intestine become adult worms, which are capable of laying eggs.
Symptoms: abdominal pain, nausea, weight loss
As the larvae move throughout the body, allergic manifestations appear. Possible mechanical damage to the organs through which the larvae pass-liver, blood vessels, lungs, intestines. Patients may experience high fever, rash and pain in the liver area, and at the end of the migration stage - cough and shortness of breath. When the roundworm settles in the intestine, its waste products are poisoned. Also, the pointed tip of the worm can injure or pierce the intestine. Manifestations include abdominal pain, morning sickness, loss of appetite, and stool changes. In addition, there are well -being disorders, poor sleep, headaches, increased fatigue, and weight loss. The presence of ascaris in the intestine causes a deficiency of vitamins B6, A and C.
Diagnosis of ascariasis
For diagnosis, blood is taken for general analysis (increased eosinophils, increased ESR, sometimes anemia) and antibody testing. Under a microscope, larvae can be found in the patient's sputum. At the intestinal level, ascaris eggs, and sometimes the worms themselves, are detected in the feces.
Remedy for ascariasis
Therapy for ascariasis does not require hospitalization, except in complicated cases. Patients are given a diet rich in vitamins, low in fat and carbohydrates. Food intake - four to five times a day. Shown are drugs with antiparasitic action, antihistamines, probiotics and enzyme preparations.
Complications of ascariasis
Complications of ascariasis can be intestinal obstruction due to blockage by a worm. When ascaris crawls into the bile ducts, vomiting, jaundice, severe abdominal pain on the right side occur. By the same principle, ascariasis pancreatitis is possible, as well as respiratory failure when the airways are blocked by parasites.
Cream worms and enterobiasis
Cream worms are translucent white worms with a length of only 0, 5-1 cm. One end of his body is pointed, which explains his name. They are parasitic mainly in the large intestine and can disappear over time without medication, if the infection itself does not occur. The fact is that in order to lay eggs, the female goes down to the anus and does this in the perianal fold, after which they die. In patients, this process causes severe itching. If, after scratching the itchy area, the patient does not wash his hands, then the eggs will fall on the linen, the objects around it, in the food, and may remain under the nail. Patients themselves can swallow cream worm eggs. This is how self -infection occurs.
Symptoms: anal itching
The main symptom is severe itching in the anus at night, because this is when the parasites lay eggs. With enterobiasis, symptoms of the gastrointestinal tract are possible: abdominal pain, nausea, increased gas production, and nervous system: fatigue, sleep disturbances or insomnia (severe anal itching interferes with normal sleep). Cream worms can crawl into the female genital tract, causing irritation, pain, and vaginal discharge. Even causes a cough - if it penetrates the lower respiratory tract.
Diagnostics and treatment of enterobiasis
In particular, scraping from the perianal folds (or the use of adhesive tape) is used, after which the resulting material is examined under a microscope. So you can find helminth eggs. In blood tests, as in ascariasis, there will be an increase in eosinophils, with the development of complications - signs of inflammation (increased leukocytes, increased ESR). For treatment, antiparasitic drugs are used. Some are contraindicated for pregnant and lactating women. To reduce itching, the anus is lubricated with an ointment with anesthesia. The most popular folk remedy is garlic.
Complications: dysbiosis, appendicitis
Complications will depend on the body's response and the number of parasitic worms. Possible dysbiosis, appendicitis, vaginitis, salpingitis, endometritis (inflammation of the appendix).
Prevention of ascariasis and enterobiasis
Ascariasis:
- identify and treat patients in a timely manner;
- loosen the sandbox (eggs do not withstand direct sunlight);
- wash your hands after using the toilet and before eating;
- wash vegetables, fruits, berries.
Enterobiasis:
- ironing laundry clean, especially folds;
- clean the apartment with disinfectant;
- to provide patients with private beds and bedding;
- It is important for children to cut their fingernails short.